Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a progressive condition that affects the gums and the bone that supports your teeth. It starts with mild gum inflammation (gingivitis) and can advance to a more serious form (periodontitis) if left untreated. Periodontal disease is caused by plaque buildup on your teeth, which eventually hardens to form tartar. As tartar accumulates, it harbors bacteria that attack the gums and can lead to infection. As the disease progresses, it can cause gum recession, tooth mobility, and even tooth loss.
Tooth loss is only the most obvious indicator of gum disease. Scientific research has discovered linkage between gum disease and stroke, heart disease, diabetes - even an increased risk for pregnant women. Other signs of periodontal disease include:
- Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
- Persistent bad breath (halitosis)
- Gums that pull away from the teeth
- Loose or shifting teeth
- Painful chewing or tooth sensitivity
- Receding gumline
